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The Forte di Belvedere or Fortezza di Santa Maria in San Giorgio del Belvedere (often called simply Belvedere) is a fortification in Florence, Italy. ==History== Forte Belvedere is the second and largest fortress to be built in Florence, Italy. It was designed and built by Bernardo Buontalenti over a five year period, between 1590 and 1595, by order of Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici. Fortifications were significant in the 16th century and a demonstration of a city’s wealth and capabilities.〔Pepper, S., & Adams, N. (1989). Firearms and fortifications: Military architecture and siege warfare in sixteenth-century Siena. The American Historical Review, 94(1), 176-177. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1862182〕 The fortress is located in the southern hills of the Arno River and on the highest hill of the Boboli Gardens. It had long been considered one of the weakest spots in the city’s defenses, a sensation that only increased with the invention of artillery in the early modern era.〔Forte di Belvedere. (2014). Retrieved July 19, 2014 from http://museicivicifiorentini.comune.fi.it/en/fortebelvedere/descrizione.htm〕 From a military point of view, the fortress is located at the most strategic point, overlooking almost the entire city and surrounding area.〔Top Travel Service. (2013). Forte di Belvedere. Retrieved July 23, 2014 from http://www.toptravelservice.com.au/florence/forte-di-belvedere/〕 Due to the nature of Renaissance warfare, forts were paramount in a city’s defensive strategy.〔Pepper, S., & Adams, N. (1989). Firearms and fortifications: Military architecture and siege warfare in sixteenth-century Siena. The American Historical Review, 94(1), 176-177. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1862182〕 The Fort served several purposes. Most importantly it was designed to protect the centre of government in Florence and the Medici family if the city came under attack.〔Leila. (2013). Fort Belvedere: giant sculptures and great views. Retrieved July 22, 2014 from http://www.turismo.intoscana.it/allthingstuscany/tuscanyarts/forte-belvedere-florencereopensgiant-sculptures-and-great-views/〕 It was also constructed to protect the Pitti Palace, Oltrarno district and south end of the city.〔Zannoni, V. (2014, May 20). Florence’s Belvedere Fort From the Medics to the Wests. Swide. Retrieved from http://www.swide.com/celebrities/kim-and-kanye-s-wedding-location-in-florence-forte-belvedere/2014/05/20〕 In addition to this, the fort served as a garrison for troops for over 100 years after its completion.〔Zannoni, V. (2014, May 20). Florence’s Belvedere Fort From the Medics to the Wests. Swide. Retrieved from http://www.swide.com/celebrities/kim-and-kanye-s-wedding-location-in-florence-forte-belvedere/2014/05/20〕 Galileo Galilei used Forte Belvedere for his astronomical observations and after he was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1633, he lived not far from the fort in Villa Arcetri.〔Historical Center of Florence – Forte Belvedere. (2007). Retrieved July 22, 2014 from http://www.florenceholidays.com/florence-vacation-historical_center-oltrarno-forte_belvedere.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Belvedere (fort)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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